Space Forum / Shuttle / October 2006

YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED!!
http://www.submission.org/suras/app33.html

God has sent a messenger to consolidate the
messages delivered by all the prophets, purify
them, and unify them into one religion: Submission.
The timing is certainly ripe for fulfillment
of this important prophecy, for the following reasons:

1. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have been corrupted  
  beyond recognition.
2. All God's messages have been delivered; the Quran is
  the Final Testament.
3. More than 93% of the human beings destined to live
  in this world are yet to come.

As illustrated in the Introduction, the people who have
lived on this earth since Adam are only one-fifteenth of
the total projected human population.

YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED!!
http://www.submission.org/suras/app33.html

"...it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye
of a needle than for a rich man to enter the Kingdom
of God". (Matthew 19:24).  JPEG image 765x510 pixels
http://www.bikinipage1.com/t01/barbie01/barbie14.jpg

Uma Thurman:
http://www.uma-thurman.net/gallery/latest/mag12.jpg
"I grew up in a mostly Buddhist environment.
My father, when very young, was the first
American to be ordained as a Buddhist monk.
He now teaches Indo-Tibetan studies at
Columbia University and is regarded as this
country's foremost authority on Buddhism.
When the Dalai Lama comes to America, it's
my father who is his host. When asked if I
consider myself Buddhist, the answer is,
Not really. But it's more my religion than
any other because I was brought up with it
in an intellectual and spiritual
environment. I don't practice or preach it,
however. But Buddhism has had a major effect
on who I am and how I think about the world.
What I have learned is that I like all
religions, but only parts of them."
http://www.uma-thurman.net/gallery/latest/mag12.jpg

Study Published by Army Criticizes War on Terror's Scope  
By Thomas E. Ricks
Washington Post Staff Writer
 
A scathing new report published by the Army War College
broadly criticizes the Bush administration's handling
of the war on terrorism, accusing it of taking a detour
into an "unnecessary" war in Iraq and pursuing an
"unrealistic" quest against terrorism that may lead to
U.S. wars with states that pose no serious threat.

The report, by Jeffrey Record, a visiting professor at
the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama,
warns that as a result of those mistakes, the Army is
"near the breaking point."  It recommends, among other
things, scaling back the scope of the "global war on
terrorism" and instead focusing on the narrower threat
posed by the al Qaeda terrorist network.

"[T]he global war on terrorism as currently defined and
waged is dangerously indiscriminate and ambitious, and
accordingly . . . its parameters should be readjusted,"
Record writes. Currently, he adds, the anti-terrorism
campaign "is strategically unfocused, promises more than
it can deliver, and threatens to dissipate U.S. military
resources in an endless and hopeless search for
absolute security."

Record, a veteran defense specialist and author of six
books on military strategy and related issues, was an
aide to then-Sen. Sam Nunn when the Georgia Democrat was
chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee.
In discussing his political background, Record also noted
that in 1999 while on the staff of the Air War College,
he published work critical of the Clinton administration.

His essay, published by the Army War College's Strategic
Studies Institute, carries the standard disclaimer that
its views are those of the author and do not necessarily
represent those of the Army, the Pentagon or the
U.S. government.

But retired Army Col. Douglas C. Lovelace Jr., director
of the Strategic Studies Institute, whose Web site
<http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pubs/2003/bounding/bounding.htm>
carries Record's 56-page monograph, hardly distanced
himself from it. "I think that the substance that Jeff
brings out in the article really, really needs to be
considered," he said.

Publication of the essay was approved by the Army War
College's commandant, Maj. Gen. David H. Huntoon Jr.,
Lovelace said. He said he and Huntoon expected the study
to be controversial, but added, "He considers it to be
under the umbrella of academic freedom."

Larry DiRita, the top Pentagon spokesman, said he had not
read the Record study. He added: "If the conclusion is
that we need to be scaling back in the global war on
terrorism, it's not likely to be on my reading list
anytime soon."

Many of Record's arguments, such as the contention that
Saddam Hussein's Iraq was deterred and did not present
a threat, have been made by critics of the administration.
Iraq, he concludes, "was a war-of-choice distraction from
the war of necessity against al Qaeda." But it is unusual
to have such views published by the War College, the
Army's premier academic institution.

In addition, the essay goes further than many critics in
examining the Bush administration's handling of the war
on terrorism.

Record's core criticism is that the administration is
biting off more than it can chew. He likens the scale
of U.S. ambitions in the war on terrorism to Adolf Hitler's
overreach in World War II. "A cardinal rule of strategy is
to keep your enemies to a manageable number," he writes.
"The Germans were defeated in two world wars . . . because
their strategic ends outran their available means."

He also scoffs at the administration's policy, laid
out by Bush in a November speech, of seeking to transform
and democratize the Middle East. "The potential policy
payoff of a democratic and prosperous Middle East, if there
is one, almost certainly lies in the very distant future,"
he writes. "The basis on which this democratic domino
theory rests has never been explicated."

He also casts doubt on whether the U.S. government will
maintain its commitment to the war. "The political,
fiscal, and military sustainability of the GWOT [global
war on terrorism] remains to be seen," he states.
The essay concludes with several recommendations.
Some are fairly noncontroversial, such as increasing the
size of the Army and Marine Corps, a position that appears
to be gathering support in Congress. But he also says the
United States should scale back its ambitions in Iraq,
and be prepared to settle for a "friendly autocracy"
there rather than a genuine democracy.
http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/pubs/2003/bounding/bounding.htm

Welcome to Maxwell Air Force Base, the home of Air University.
Air University plays a vital role in fulfilling the mission of the
United States Air Force. Service members must place the nation's
defense above self and possess an in-depth knowledge of war
and the military sciences to meet national security challenges in
today's world. http://www.au.af.mil/

HAPPY:
Martin Luther King Jr. Day!
    National Historic Site
   (National Park Service)
  http://www.nps.gov/malu/

remembering ...
AFRICAN AMERICAN HOLOCAUST
    by Milford F. Plaines
    http://www.maafa.org/
"Warning: The Following Pages
Contain Explicitly Graphic Material !!!"
http://www.maafa.org/warning.html

"The events which transpired five thousand years ago;
 Five years ago or five minutes ago, have determined
  what will happen five minutes from now; five years
           From now or five thousand years from now.
                    All history is a current event."
                           - Dr John Henrik Clarke -
                  http://www.maafa.org/jhclarke.html

"The AFRICAN AMERICAN HOLOCAUST : is an ongoing
project to educate and stimulate the thought
process of individuals. It is my hope that
this will serve as a reminder to all of
humanity that race hatred is a CURSE
to all Mankind !!!" -Milford F. Plaines
      http://www.maafa.org/credits.html

Meanwhile...

Dr. Danielle D. Carr  [Mathematician]
Major Scientific Interest
The application of differential equations to develop
and analyze mathematical models for two different
areas of research. The first area is the transport
of  fat cells and proteins from the cell body inside
the axon of the nerve cell. This area is called
axonal transport. The second area is the computational
modeling of objects moving in a fluid, such as fish
moving in water. This area is called computational
fluid dynamics.
http://www.csy.com/DrDanielleCarr.htm

Dr. William M. Jackson  [Astrochemist]
         "People helped me to become a
   Scientist and overcome obstacles in
my way.  You can find people like that
       to help you become a scientist"
               -Dr. William M. Jackson
http://www.csy.com/DrWilliamJackson.htm

Dr. Anthony M. Johnson [Physicist]
   "There is a scientist in all of us.  
        With dedication and hard work,
     we all have the ability to become
    scientists.  We already think like
      scientists and are curious about
           how things work.  We can be
                    anything we want!"
            -Anthony M. Johnson, Ph.D.
http://www.csy.com/DrAnthonyJohnson.htm

Dr. Eloy Rodriguez [Plant Biochemist & Toxicologist]
"Science is a big puzzle.  Putting it together is the
         ability to say, I have discovered something
       nobody has discovered before.  There are many
  questions still to be answered, many things yet to
          be discovered.  We can all be scientists!"
                               -Eloy Rodriguez, Ph.D
              http://www.csy.com/DrEloyRodriguez.htm

Dr. Denise Stephenson-Hawk  [Atmospheric Scientist]
       "We may not be good at science today, but
 through hard work we can all become scientists.
       We can become whomever we want as long as
we do not give up, believe in ourselves, and work
                              toward our goals."
                   -Denise Stephenson-Hawk, Ph.D
            http://www.csy.com/DrDeniseSHawk.htm

NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON  [Astrophysicist]
     The Frederick P. Rose Director,
                  Hayden Planetarium
   http://www.haydenplanetarium.org/
          Department of Astrophysics
  American Museum of Natural History
    Central Park West at 79th Street
            New York, New York 10024
http://research.amnh.org/users/tyson/

Dr. Lisa D. White  [Micropaleontologist]
     "We need to believe in ourselves and this
 takes time.  If we know in our hearts that we
 love science, love dinosaurs and fossils, and
       are curious, about what happened on the
        Earth sixty million years ago, then we
    shouldn't let anyone stop us from pursuing
                                   our goals."
                         -Lisa D. White, Ph.D.
            http://www.csy.com/DrLisaWhite.htm 

Etc...
The Afro American Newspapers
http://www.afro.com/frontpage.htm

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MUSEUM IS LOCATED AT:
http://www.civilrightsmuseum.org

"Africa's Woes at the Turn of the Century"
http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=61&language_id=1

THE AFRICAN HOLOCAUST- WE CANNOT AFFORD TO FORGET
                                      by OmiSaide Ali
                                 Omo Yemoja, Apetebi Ifa
      http://www.cultural-expressions.com/thesis/saide.htm

    Appointed Jan. 2001 (Bush II Administration).,
Council on Foreign Relations member Colin L. Powell
               "America stands ready to help
         any country that wishes to join the
                          democratic world."
             http://www.state.gov/secretary/

African-American Astronauts
http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/ootw/1998/ootw_980211/ob980211.html

Columbia Shuttle Memorial Trust
http://www.columbia7trust.org/news.cfm

MICHAEL P. ANDERSON (LIEUTENANT COLONEL, USAF)
NASA ASTRONAUT STS-107 Columbia
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/anderson.html

Upcoming Planetary Events and Missions
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/upcoming.html

YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED!!
http://www.submission.org/suras/app33.html

God has sent a messenger to consolidate the
messages delivered by all the prophets, purify
them, and unify them into one religion: Submission.
The timing is certainly ripe for fulfillment
of this important prophecy, for the following reasons:

1. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have been corrupted  
  beyond recognition.
2. All God's messages have been delivered; the Quran is
  the Final Testament.
3. More than 93% of the human beings destined to live
  in this world are yet to come.

As illustrated in the Introduction, the people who have
lived on this earth since Adam are only one-fifteenth of
the total projected human population.

YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED!!
http://www.submission.org/suras/app33.html

Upcoming Planetary Events and Missions
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/upcoming.html

Resistance is futile - YOU WILL BE ASSIMILATED!!
           http://www.truthbeknown.com/

Aliens in Our Galaxy? Experts Map Possible Hotbeds:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/01/0106_040106_galaxylife.html#main

Stefan Lovgren
for National Geographic News
January 6, 2004

Scientists say a ring-shaped region in the disc of
the Milky Way shows the highest potential for life
in our galaxy.
But don't expect them to find extraterrestrial life
anytime soon: In this region, there are some 20 billion
star systems that offer the prerequisites of life.

Using computer models, astronomers have mapped star
systems in our galaxy that meet basic criteria to host
extraterrestrial life. The crude map includes ten
percent of the stars in our galaxy, located in a ring
around the center of the Milky Way. A double star cluster
in a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way is pictured above.

Alien Life? Astronomers Predict Contact by 2025:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/11/1114_031114_setisearch.html

Aliens "Absolutely" Exist, SETI Astronomer Believes:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0331_030401_setishostak.html

Search for Aliens Focuses on 166 "Promising" Signals:
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/03/0324_030324_seti.html

  The team of astronomers has identified stars that contain
enough heavy elements to form terrestrial planets; are
sufficiently distant from disastrous supernova explosions;
and have existed for at least four billion years--the time
it took for complex life to evolve on Earth.

Using a sophisticated computer evolution model, they found
that ten percent of the stars in our galaxy, located in a
ring around the center of the Milky Way, meet those criteria.

"This is a crude first map of where life could be in our galaxy,"
said Charles Lineweaver, an astrophysicist at the University of
New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, who led the study.

The research also shows that 75 percent of the stars in
this habitable zone are older than our sun; so if there
is actually life there, it's probably more evolved than
life on Earth.

"Metallicity"

Our galaxy, the Milky Way, contains more than 200 billion
stars and countless other objects. It is one of billions
of other galaxies in the universe.

The Milky Way was formed some 12 billion years ago out of a
large cloud of gas, mainly hydrogen and helium, that collapsed
on itself and began forming stars. Since the cloud was
rotating, its spherical shape flattened into a disc.

As the formation of the new stars continued, the most massive
stars exploded and enriched the gas in the cloud with new,
heavier elements. The new stars that were created in these
disc regions contain the heavier elements required to form
terrestrial planets, which may be spinning around them.

In their search for possible life, scientists look for
favorable zones of "metallicity." A star with no heavy
metals can't form terrestrial planets or life.

"Anytime you can identify regions that have higher
concentrations of metallicity, that's where you may
find life," said Lineweaver. "In our model of the
galaxy, we keep track of where and when these metals
were produced. We can do that because we know how
many massive stars went 'boom' as a function of
time and place."

Planets in regions that are too rich in metals, meanwhile,
are vulnerable to so-called Earth-killers, preferentially
found in such regions. If a gas-filled, Jupiter-like planet
migrates through an area that is too rich in metals, it
will kill any "Earths" that are there.

Exloding Supernovae

But the right level of metallicity isn't the only prerequisite
for life. The astronomers also had to look for regions that
have experienced relative calm for at least four billion years,
the time it took for life to evolve on Earth.

"In a high-density stellar environment, you will not have four
billion years of clement, let's-sit-back-and-evolve life," said
Lineweaver. "For complex life to evolve, you may need about
four billion years without too many supernovae going off."

The computer model used for the study is based on local
observations. Scientists can look at stars all over the
galaxy and determine the metallicity at the time they
were formed.

The region the researchers have concluded is the most favorable
to host life is a ring that measures 21,000 to 27,000 light-years
from the center of the galaxy. Created between four and eight
billion years ago, this region is where 10 percent of the stars
of the Milky Way were formed.

"We're not saying anything about the probability of
extraterrestrial or complex life," said Lineweaver.
"But if it does exist, and we're right about our
prerequisites for it, this is the distribution it
will have. This is where life will be."

Humans vs. Aliens

The astronomers were also able for the first time to determine
the age of the stars in the habitable zone. They found that
75 percent of them are older than our sun.

"If people think that intelligent life will happen on these
planets, then 75 percent of this intelligent life will have
had a longer time to evolve than people or the entities that
are circulating around our sun," said Lineweaver.

"We're all trying to figure out how we compare to any life-forms
that may exist in the universe," he added. "This study is the
closest thing I can think of to answer that question. If there
are aliens, 75 percent of them will have had longer time to
evolve than we have. That may be the most fundamental take-home
message of this study."
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/01/0106_040106_galaxylife.html#main

The research is published in the January 2 issue
of the journal Science.

Strategic Studies Institute (SSI)
http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/index.html

"At the time of his death, Tesla had been
working on some form of teleforce weapon
<http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleforce>,
or Death ray <http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_ray>,
the secrets of which he had offered to the
United States War Department
<http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense>
on the morning of January 5 1943.
It appears that his proposed death ray was related
to his research into ball lightning and plasma.
He was found dead 3 days later and, after the FBI
was contacted by the War Department, his papers
were declared to be top secret. Immediately after
his death became known, the Federal Bureau of Investigation
<http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation>
instructed the Office of Alien Property
<http://www.ushmm.org/uia-cgi/uia_doc/art/x11-08?hr=null>
to take possession of Tesla's papers and property,
despite his US citizenship. All of Tesla's personal
effects were seized on the advice of presidential
advisors. J. Edgar Hoover
<http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover>
declared the case "most secret," because of the nature of Tesla's
inventions and patents."

Malin Space Science Systems [MSSS] Mars Image Directory
http://www.msss.com/mars_images/index.html

[]  Jimmy Carter's 11.7 million dollars NASA study in 1980:
[]  http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/aasm/
[]
[]  As the cost of fossil-fuel energy continues to
[]  escalate and supplies of readily accessible
[]  high-grade ores and minerals gradually become
[]  depleted, the utilization of nonterrestrial
[]  sources of energy and materials and the
[]  development of a nonterrestrial industrial
[]  capacity become increasingly desirable.
[]  The Moon offers plentiful supplies of important
[]  minerals and has a number of advantages for
[]  manufacturing which make it an attractive
[]  candidate factory site compared to Earth.
[]  Given the expense and danger associated with
[]  the use of human workers in such a remote
[]  location, the production environment of a lunar
[]  manufacturing facility should be automated to the
[]  highest degree feasible. The facility ought also
[]  to be flexible, so that its product stream is
[]  easily modified by remote control and requires a
[]  minimum of human tending. However, sooner or
[]  later the factory must exhaust local mineral
[]  resources and fall into disrepair or become
[]  obsolete or unsuitable for changing human
[]  requirements. This will necessitate either
[]  replacement or overhaul, again requiring the
[]  presence of human construction workers with the
[]  associated high costs and physical hazards of
[]  such work.
[]
[]  The Replicating Systems Concepts Team proposes
[]  that this cycle of repeated construction may
[]  possibly be largely eliminated by designing the
[]  factory as an automated, multiproduct, remotely
[]  controlled, reprogrammable Lunar Manufacturing
[]  Facility (LMF) capable of constructing duplicates
[]  of itself which would themselves be capable of
[]  further replication. Successive new systems need
[]  not be exact copies of the original, but could,
[]  by remote design and control, be improved,
[]  reorganized, or enlarged so as to reflect
[]  changing human requirements.
[]  http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/aasm/AASM51.html
[]
[]  Traversing Singularity Barriers^Aeronautics
[]  http://pweb.netcom.com/~mthorn/travel04.htm
[]
[]  CHINA's Space Tracking, Telemetry and Command Network
[]  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/facility/ttc.asp
[]
[]  Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Centre (BACC)
[]
[]  Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Centre (BACC)
[]  is a space flight command and control facility specially
[]  built for China's national manned space flight programme
[]  (Project 921). Located in the southwest suburbs of
[]  Beijing, the BACC is part of the "Aerospace City" which
[]  comprises several R&D institutes and test laboratories.
[]  The construction work began in 1994 and the main body of
[]  the facility was commissioned around 1997.
[]
[]  Phase I construction was completed of the new,
[]  large-scale Beijing Space Technology Research and
[]  Test Center, located in Tangjialing, northwest of
[]  Beijing. The center occupied 100 hectares and
[]  construction was begun in October 1994. The largest
[]  space center in China included spacecraft integration
[]  hangars, space environment and vibration test facilities,
[]  and a series of laboratories.
[]
[]  Xi'an Satellite Monitor and Control Centre (XSCC)
[]  - Base 26
[]
[]  Xian Satellite Monitor and Control Center (XSCC), also
[]  known as Base 26, is located at Weinan, some 60 km
[]  northeast of Xi'an City. The XSCC is the primary satellite
[]  control facility in China. Among its responsibilities are
[]  the recoveries of retrievable imagery intelligence
[]  satellite which are commanded to return to Chinese
[]  territory. A Peoples Liberation Army unit carries out the
[]  recovery tasks at the Recovery Measuring Station at the
[]  Xi'an Centre.
[]
[]  Changchun Tracking Station
[]
[]  Changchun Tracking Station is the only space tracking
[]  station located in the northeast region of China mainland.
[]  In January 1983 Changchun Station successfully forecasted
[]  the crash area of the Soviet Cosmo-1402 nuclear powered
[]  reconnaissance satellite which lost control few days before.
[]
[]  Khashi Tracking Station
[]
[]  Khashi Tracking Station was commissioned in the 1960s as
[]  one of China's earliest space tracking facilities.
[]
[]  Nanning Tracking Station
[]
[]  Naning Tracking Station was built in 1967. It is China's
[]  first tracking station that joins international space
[]  tracking networks. The station was used to provide tracking
[]  services to several European launches.
[]
[]  Qingdao Tracking Station
[]
[]  Qingdao Tracking Station was built in the early 1990s mainly
[]  for the manned space programme. It is the newest tracking
[]  station in China mainland.
[]
[]  Weinan Tracking Station
[]
[]  Weinan Tracking Station was built in 1972 for space and
[]  ICBM launch tracking and monitoring. The station was
[]  invovled in more than 30 satellite launches and 14
[]  ICBM launches.
[]
[]  Guiyang Tracking Station
[]  Minxi Tracking Station
[]  Xiamen Tracking Station
[]  Yilan Tracking Station
[]  Yuan Wang 1 Space Tracking Ship
[]  Yuan Wang 2 Space Tracking Ship
[]  Yuan Wang 3 Space Tracking Ship
[]  Yuan Wang 4 Space Tracking Ship
[]
[]  CHINA -Space:  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/default.asp
[]  The scope of mankind's activities has expanded from land to
[]  ocean, from ocean to atmosphere, and eventually from
[]  atmosphere to outer space. Space technology, which emerged
[]  in the 1950s, opened up a new era of man's exploration of
[]  the unknown world. The continuous development and application
[]  of space technology has become an important endeavour in the
[]  modernisation drive of countries all over the world.
[]
[]  China's space programme began in the late 1950s, when the
[]  Chinese government implemented the "Twelve-Year Development
[]  Plan of Science and Technology", which included rocket science,
[]  radio electronics, automatic control, computer, and
[]  semiconductor technology. The early effort of China was aided
[]  by technology and knowledge transferred from the Soviet Union.
[]  Since then China has independently established a small-scale
[]  but well-balanced and coordinated infrastructure of
[]  space-related institutions, including research and development
[]  centres, launching sites, tracking, telemetry and command
[]  stations and centres, and manufacturing plants.
[]
[]  China sent its first man-made earth satellite,
[]  Dongfanghong-1 (DFH-1), into space successfully in
[]  1970, making the fifth member of the world's space club
[]  (after USSR, USA, France, and Japan). In 1975 China became
[]  the third country after the USA and USSR to successfully
[]  launch and recover a recoverable satellite for photo
[]  reconnaissance and remote sensing missions. From the late
[]  1980s China began to provide commercial satellite launching
[]  services for foreign customers. The manned space programme
[]  (Project 921), which started in 1992, has also made significant
[]  progress. Following four successful unmanned missions between
[]  1999 and 2003, China successfully sent her first astronaut
[]  into outer space by Shenzhou-V spaceship on 15 October 2003.
[]
[]  The 1991 Gulf War, the 1998 NATO intervention in Kosovo, the
[]  war against terrorism in Afghanistan in 2001, and Washington's
[]  determination to pursue the ballistic missile defence system
[]  have all shown that the US is seeking to undertake asymmetric
[]  operations by exploiting various space technologies that its
[]  opponents do not possess. This has forced China to shift its
[]  focus more towards the fourth environment of military operations.
[]
[]  In addition, after the end of "Cold War", the Chinese military
[]  strategy has also shifted from a large-scale nuclear war to local
[]  wars under high-tech conditions, which requires the PLA to be
[]  capable of defensive and offensive operations in peripheral
[]  regions and waters, as well as within China's own territory.
[]  To achieve this capability, a key area for future development,
[]  as well as for future conflict, is outer space.
[]
[]  Today, the Chinese space programme is still regarded by the
[]  Western aerospace press as inferior, partly due to the failures
[]  it suffered in the launch vehicle category. Also, the Chinese
[]  have not reached anywhere near the sub-metre resolution achieved
[]  by US image reconnaissance satellites. However, China's space
[]  journey in the last thirty years is impressive. By possessing
[]  its own indigenous capability, it has proved that its military
[]  space power cannot be underestimated.
[]  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/default.asp
[]
[]  The Chinese National Manned Space Program
[]  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/921/manned.asp
[]  was given the official designation Project 921:
[]  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/921/921.asp
[]
[]  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/history/his4.asp
[]  CHINA is developing a new
[]  generation of launch vehicle models,
[]  including the expendable CZ-5 launch
[]  vehicle family using non-toxic,
[]  high-performance propellants with lower
[]  operating costs, the solid propellant
[]  Kaituozhe-1 (KT-1, or Explorer-1), and the
[]  reusable launch vehicle.
[]
[]  The manned space flight remained the
[]  most important element in China's future
[]  plan for its space technology development.
[]  Once the Shenzhou manned flights have
[]  been successfully achieved, a series of
[]  projects will be carried out for scientific
[]  research and development for future
[]  manned space projects, including the space
[]  station and exploration of the moon.
[]
[]  For the long-term development beyond 2020, China is aiming
[]  at industrialising and marketing its space technology and
[]  applications, establishing integrated space infrastructure
[]  and a satellite ground application system that harmonises
[]  spacecraft and ground equipment, and permanently
[]  establishing China's own manned space flight system and
[]  conduct of manned space flight scientific research and
[]  technological experiments, including space station,
[]  spaceplane, and eventually the Chinese Lunar Base.
[]
[]  By 2050, China is hoping to become a world leader in the
[]  field of space science and exploration of outer space,
[]  and to continue international co-operations to both
[]  obtain more-advanced technology from Western countries
[]  and to assist developing countries in development of
[]  space technology.
[]  http://www.sinodefence.com/space/history/his4.asp
[]
[]  CHINA - Lunar Base:
[]  http://www.astronautix.com/craft/chirbase.htm
[]
[] Chinese Scientists Contribute To US
[] Mars Explorations
[] Beijing - Jan 15, 2004
[]  http://www.spacedaily.com/news/mars-mers-04u.html
[]
[]  " C H I N A ? "  [1997]--MT
[]  Jettisoning Religious Comparative Extrapolations:
[]  http://pw1.netcom.com/~mthorn/basin_qa.htm

The Nature of Time: Geometry, Physics & Perception
http://www.astro.sk/~msaniga/nato_arw/index.html

    The correct quantitative elucidation and deep
qualitative understanding of the internal structure
of time represent, undoubtedly, a crucial stepping
stone on our path towards unlocking the ultimate
secrets of the very essence of our being. It is,  
therefore, not surprising that there have been
numerous attempts, of varying degrees of mathematical
rigour and a wide range of physical scrutiny, to
address this issue. Yet, the subject still remains
one of the toughest and most challenging problems
faced by contemporary physics, and by other fields
of human inquiry as well.
[...]
    There are at least three novel concepts of time that
deserve particular attention. The first concept, based on
algebraic geometry, treats the time dimension as a pencil
of conics in a projective plane over an arbitrary ground
field. This model, being characterized by a qualitative
distinction between individual events (or groups thereof),
has been found to reproduce remarkably well the observed
arrow of time. The second one, motivated by quantum
non-locality, regards (space)time as an abstract,
denumerable set X of elements whose microscopic
neighbourhoods are defined via the "skeletal" entourages
of a uniformity generated by a discrete topological group
over X. This pregeometric approach is believed to be
intimately linked with the third concept of time, that of
discrete time. There exists in fact strong suspicion
within the scientific community that nature may behave
discretely at the Planck scale (~10^-33 cm). Attempts,
now at a high level of development, at constructing an
exact, self-consistent discrete time mechanics, have
already revealed a variety of novel phenomena such as
modified propagators and vertices in quantum field
theories, and new interesting objects  in Dirac field
theory called oscillons.
http://www.astro.sk/~msaniga/nato_arw/obj.html

Two modes of time: Biocausality
http://members.aon.at/chakalov/dimi.html

"D. Chakalov"
http://members.aon.at/chakalov/dimi.html

It is conjectured that the psychological time arrow, endowed
with a finite duration of subjective 'now', is a mental
reflection (qualia) from some 'universal time arrow'.
Two modes of time, called global and local, are suggested
for constructing the putative universal time arrow in such
a way that a new kind of retarded causality (called
biocausality) would match the causal chain of events in the
psychological time arrow. The idea of biocausality is based
on the assumption that in the case of living matter the
future events are determined jointly by past events and
their spectrum of anticipated (feedforwarded) potential
events, as accommodated in the finite duration 'now' in the
universal time arrow. An attempt has been made at suggesting
a conceptual solution to the measurement problem in quantum
mechanics, under the stipulation that the hypothetical
universal time arrow does produce quantum effects such as
superposition and entanglement in the quantum realm,
resembling the potential events in the psychological time
arrow. Hence a fully deterministic, brain-like behavior of
quantum systems seems possible to exist, although it can not
be observed with inanimate measuring devices: the apex in
Minkowski's cone can not hold more than one event, while the
human brain can sustain a finite duration 'now' during its
lifetime. Stated differently, the price for restoring the
notion of reality for the quantum realm, in line with
Einstein's dictum "God casts the die, not the dice",
is that of considering the staggering possibility that the
quantum theory of measurements may have been conceived with
an artifact due to the point-like presentation of the
instant 'now' valid for inanimate matter only. Hence the
main ideas proposed can be summarized as follows.

The correct geometrical presentation of the infinitesimal
is not that of a dimensionless mathematical point
(cf. Bishop Berkeley). It has a structure delineated with
two modes of time, global and local. The effect of the
global mode of time is vanishing small for inanimate matter
at the scale of the macro-world, and increases toward micro
and mega-scales. The manifestation of this effect consists
of  (i)  a new structure of spacetime permitting extended
'now', as in the case of living and quantum matter
(no "collapse"), and  (ii)  a point-like projection of
values of physical quantities in the past light cone of
the universal time arrow. The latter serves as the physical
basis of the psychological time arrow, and reconciles the
requirements of extended duration 'now' with the transient
point-like snapshots (called jackets) of physical reality,
represented with real numbers and observed only in our past
light cone, in line with the new retarded causality in the
universal time arrow, called biocausality. Thus, we may have
extended, not "point-like", quantum particles living on a
finite duration 'now', separated from their seemingly
point-like observable values cats in their past light cone
only. The dynamics of the universal time arrow permits a
peaceful co-existence between quantum reality being extended
in time and space on a finite duration 'now' with the
point-like snapshots from it, as suggested by Plato.
Hence the interpretation of Heisenberg principle as
flexibility (not uncertainty): a peaceful co-existence
of non-commuting observables living on extended 'now'
with their point-like snapshots cast in the past light cone,
one at a time. Mother Nature makes this possible only with
the dynamics of the universal time arrow. It is like
riding a bike: if you stop, you will fall. However, physical
measurements performed with inanimate (dead) measuring
devices can provide actual information about a singular,
point-like snapshot only, which inevitably freezes
the universal time arrow (cf. the artifact in the quantum
theory of measurements mentioned above) and the potential
states living on a finite duration 'now' need to be dropped
down on the spacetime hypersurface, which causes enormous
conceptual problems, such as Lorentz invariant nonlocality
and the definition of "curvature" in Einstein's GR.
In order to couple gravity to quantum fields and to reveal
the physics of the human brain, we need a universal time
arrow. Dead matter makes quantum jumps; the
living-and-quantum matter is smarter.

Wednesday, 19 June 2002

Prepared for NATO Advanced Research Workshop
The Nature of Time: Geometry, Physics & Perception
(Tatranska Lomnica, Slovak Republic, May 21-24, 2002),
http://www.astro.sk/~msaniga/nato_arw/prg.html

Two modes of time: Biocausality
http://members.aon.at/chakalov/dimi.html

[]  Or could it really be that some non-human entities - but not
[]  necessarily who they claim to be - are either running the show
[]  or are partners in its stage management?
[]
[]  Either way, it should scare the hell out of us...
[]  http://www.godlikeproductions.com/bbs/message.php?message=244687&mpage=1&topic=3
&showdate=1/1/04
[]  http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0751529966/theofficial0d-21
[]  http://www.nsstc.org/about_location.html
[]  http://www.rosetau.com/books2.html
[]  http://www.rosetau.com/index.html
[]  http://www.rennes-le-chateau.com
[]  http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com
[]  http://www.nexusmagazine.com
[]
[]  The Plateau - Website of Dr. Zahi Hawass
[]  http://www.guardians.net/hawass/
[]
[]  Either way, it should scare the hell out of us...
[]  http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/
[]  
[]  Doughnuts & Shafts...
[]  http://www.dyarstraights.com/msgundam/habitats.html
[]  Toroidal Foreplay ...
[]  http://www.dyarstraights.com/msgundam/s_torus.html
[]
[] "...and she's buying a stairway to heaven."
[]      "Stairway to Heaven" By Led Zeppelin
[]
[] "Construction of it will begin 50 years
[] after everyone stops laughing."
[]      Arthur C. Clarke
[]
[] http://www.redcolony.com/articles/030829.html

NATO
http://www.nato.int/science/

Malin Space Science Systems [MSSS] Mars Image Directory
http://www.msss.com/mars_images/index.html

  "What fascinates me is the gap between the
mind and reality. Extreme boredom widens the
gap; so does fatigue. But the gap can be so
light that to all intents and purposes we are
in contact with reality. Then a sudden shock
fills the inner-being with music, and you
know that there was no contact. You were
deceived. You were in your private vacuum,
slowly suffocating to death."  
THE GOD OF THE LABYRINTH
by Colin Wilson

Jupiter
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/jupiter.html

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and by far the largest.
Jupiter is more than twice as massive as all the other planets
combined (318 times Earth).

       orbit:    778,330,000 km (5.20 AU) from Sun
       diameter: 142,984 km (equatorial)
       mass:     1.900e27 kg

The gas planets do not have solid surfaces, their gaseous
material simply gets denser with depth (the radii and diameters
quoted for the planets are for levels corresponding to a
pressure of 1 atmosphere). What we see when looking at these
planets is the tops of clouds high in their atmospheres
(slightly above the 1 atmosphere level).

Jupiter is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium (by numbers of atoms,
75/25% by mass) with traces of methane, water, ammonia and "rock".
This is very close to the composition of the primordial Solar
Nebula from which the entire solar system was formed. Saturn has a
similar composition, but Uranus and Neptune have much less
hydrogen and helium.

Jupiter probably has a core of rocky material amounting to
something like 10 to 15 Earth-masses.

Above the core lies the main bulk of the planet in the form of
liquid metallic hydrogen. This exotic form of the most common
of elements is possible only at pressures exceeding 4 million
bars, as is the case in the interior of Jupiter (and Saturn).
Liquid metallic hydrogen consists of ionized protons and
electrons (like the interior of the Sun but at a far lower
temperature).
At the temperature and pressure of Jupiter's interior hydrogen
is a liquid, not a gas. It is an electrical conductor and the
source of Jupiter's magnetic field. This layer probably also
contains some helium and traces of various "ices".

The outermost layer is composed primarily of ordinary molecular
hydrogen and helium which is liquid in the interior and gaseous
further out. The atmosphere we see is just the very top of this
deep layer. Water, carbon dioxide, methane and other simple
molecules are also present in tiny amounts.

Jupiter would have to be at least 80 times
more massive to become a star.

Jupiter has a huge magnetic field, much stronger than Earth's.
Its magnetosphere extends more than 650 million km (past the
orbit of Saturn!). (Note that Jupiter's magnetosphere is far
from spherical -- it extends "only" a few million kilometers in
the direction toward the Sun.) Jupiter's moons therefore lie
within its magnetosphere, a fact which may partially explain
some of the activity on Io. Unfortunately for future space
travelers and of real concern to the designers of the Voyager
and Galileo spacecraft, the environment near Jupiter contains
high levels of energetic particles trapped by Jupiter's magnetic
field. This "radiation" is similar to, but much more intense
than, that found within Earth's Van Allen belts. It would be
immediately fatal to an unprotected human being.

The Galileo atmospheric probe discovered a new intense radiation
belt between Jupiter's ring and the uppermost atmospheric layers.
This new belt is approximately 10 times as strong as Earth's
Van Allen radiation belts. Surprisingly, this new belt was also
found to contain high energy helium ions of unknown origin.

Jupiter has rings like Saturn's, but much fainter and smaller.
Unlike Saturn's, Jupiter's rings are dark (albedo about .05).
They're probably composed of very small grains of rocky material.
Unlike Saturn's rings, they seem to contain no ice.

In July 1994, Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter with
spectacular results. The effects were clearly visible even with
amateur telescopes. The debris from the collision was visible for
nearly a year afterward with Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

Jupiter has 61 known satellites (as of May 2003):
the four large Galilean moons, 34 smaller named ones,
plus many more small ones discovered recently but not yet
named. http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~sheppard/satellites/
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/jupiter.html

Pictures of Jupiter and its Satellites
http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/pxjup.html

Hubble Space Telescope image of Jupiter
http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1999/29/image/b
shows a hurricane twice the size of the Earth.

JUPITER, and the Eye of Horus:
http://home.hiwaay.net/~jalison/bowles.html

Recent Cassini images of Jupiter
http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/target/Jupiter