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G-forces and fuel consumption

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John Doe - 26 May 2007 21:03 GMT
Assuming one has engines with unlimited thrust and no aerodynamic
issues, and assuming occupants can take any G force:

If, at the time of ignition, the throttles are opened to the max for an
instant acceleration at high G force, would this end up saving fuel ?

I am thinking that by spending the fuel at greater rate very early in
flight, you would have less fuel to accelerate afterwards and hence save
on the fuel.

Or does it make no difference in the end because , despite the shorter
time when you carry the fuel, that fuel still ends up being accelerated
by the same amount ?
Danny Deger - 26 May 2007 21:23 GMT
> Assuming one has engines with unlimited thrust and no aerodynamic issues,
> and assuming occupants can take any G force:
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> time when you carry the fuel, that fuel still ends up being accelerated by
> the same amount ?

Nice idea, but it makes no difference.  In fact the most fuel efficient
rockets today are ion engines that have VERY low thrust but very high
exhaust velocities/ISP.

Danny Deger
Brian Gaff - 27 May 2007 07:42 GMT
This of course was the premise behind all those early Sci Fi stories where
the launcher was in fact a big gun!

Brian

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> Assuming one has engines with unlimited thrust and no aerodynamic issues,
> and assuming occupants can take any G force:
[quoted text clipped - 9 lines]
> time when you carry the fuel, that fuel still ends up being accelerated by
> the same amount ?
Monte Davis - 27 May 2007 14:36 GMT
John Doe <jdoe@doe.org> wrote:

>I am thinking that by spending the fuel at greater rate very early in
>flight, you would have less fuel to accelerate afterwards and hence save
>on the fuel.

Yes: think of the trade-offs along a line from

Worst case: booster with <1G acceleration, burns all its propellant
and gets nowhere

to

Best case: "gun" launch  -- all kinetic energy delivered at once, none
of it wasted on accelerating propellant to be used later, or engines
that become useless when propellant is gone, or the costly
large-but-light-but-strong structures to accommodate both.

Of course, the downside is the extreme acceleration at the start --
mitigated but still pretty bad if the "gun" becomes a rail, ramp or
tube of plausible length --  and the fact that you still need at least
a small engine and some propellant to modify your trajectory into an
orbit. (Any straight-line trajectory from the earth's surface that
doesn't escape entirely is going to intersect the earth's surface.)
hallerb@aol.com - 27 May 2007 18:49 GMT
related is a cargo only launcher for stuff high G wouldnt hurt, like
water, fuel and durable stuff.

launched by a rail gun up the side of a mountain where most of the
acceleration is magnetic powered from ground based electricity. just a
small rocket for final trajectory control
Danny Deger - 28 May 2007 00:23 GMT
> related is a cargo only launcher for stuff high G wouldnt hurt, like
> water, fuel and durable stuff.
>
> launched by a rail gun up the side of a mountain where most of the
> acceleration is magnetic powered from ground based electricity. just a
> small rocket for final trajectory control

A huge problem with this for Earth launches is you are going Mach 25 in the
low atmosphere.  Even the top of Everest is "low" to be going Mach 25.
Current entry TPS can't handle this.  They slow down before they get low.
For a moon launch, a gun makes a lot of sense.

Danny Deger

Danny Deger
Revision - 28 May 2007 06:45 GMT
"John Doe"

> Or does it make no difference in the end because , despite the shorter
> time when you carry the fuel, that fuel still ends up being accelerated
> by the same amount ?

What you are asking about is called the "specific impulse."  I am not
sure I follow all of your theoretical assumptions, but in general when
rocket scientists have gone about designing a rocket to achieve a high
specific impulse, they go the other way, as it were.

The ion engine for example uses its fuel by the gram but operates for
months.

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