BIG EFFECTS AND ESOTERIC DETAILS IN EINSTEIN RELATIVITY

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Pentcho Valev - 07 Jul 2008 02:08 GMT

http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/703/2
Right Again, Einstein
"In Einstein's relativistic universe, matter curves space and slows
down time, and the speed of light remains the only constant. But those
are the big effects. The theory of relativity also includes some more
esoteric details, one of which is called spin precession."

Clearly Einsteinians find it suitable to test esoteric details only.
As for the big effects, there is nothing to test. First Einstein said
the speed of light is constant but then he said it is variable and
Einsteinians have no idea how this could be tested. Still half of the
Einsteinians teach the first Revelation, the other half teach the
second Revelation:

http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/qa_sp_gr.html
"Is light affected by gravity? If so, how can the speed of light be
constant? Wouldn't the light coming off of the Sun be slower than the
light we make here? If not, why doesn't light escape a black hole?
Yes, light is affected by gravity, but not in its speed. General
Relativity (our best guess as to how the Universe works) gives two
effects of gravity on light. It can bend light (which includes effects
such as gravitational lensing), and it can change the energy of light.
But it changes the energy by shifting the frequency of the light
(gravitational redshift) not by changing light speed. Gravity bends
light by warping space so that what the light beam sees as "straight"
is not straight to an outside observer. The speed of light is still
constant." Dr. Eric Christian

http://www.astronomynotes.com/relativity/s4.htm
"Prediction: light escaping from a large mass should lose energy---the
wavelength must increase since the speed of light is constant.
Stronger surface gravity produces a greater increase in the
wavelength. This is a consequence of time dilation. Suppose person A
on the massive object decides to send light of a specific frequency f
to person B all of the time. So every second, f wave crests leave
person A. The same wave crests are received by person B in an interval
of time interval of (1+z) seconds. He receives the waves at a
frequency of f/(1+z). Remember that the speed of light c = (the
frequency f) (the wavelength L). If the frequency is reduced by (1+z)
times, the wavelength must INcrease by (1+z) times: L_atB = (1+z)
L_atA. In the doppler effect, this lengthening of the wavelength is
called a redshift. For gravity, the effect is called a GRAVITATIONAL
REDSHIFT."

http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae13.cfm
"So, it is absolutely true that the speed of light is _not_ constant
in a gravitational field [which, by the equivalence principle, applies
as well to accelerating (non-inertial) frames of reference]….Indeed,
this is exactly how Einstein did the calculation in: "On the Influence
of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light," Annalen der Physik, 35,
1911. which predated the full formal development of general relativity
by about four years. This paper is widely available in English. You
can find a copy beginning on page 99 of the Dover book “The Principle
of Relativity.” You will find in section 3 of that paper, Einstein’s
derivation of the (variable) speed of light in a gravitational
potential, eqn (3). The result is, c’=c0(1+V/c^2) where V is the
gravitational potential relative to the point where the speed of light
c0 is measured."

http://www.blazelabs.com/f-g-gcont.asp
"The first confirmation of a long range variation in the speed of
light travelling in space came in 1964. Irwin Shapiro, it seems, was
the first to make use of a previously forgotten facet of general
relativity theory -- that the speed of light is reduced when it passes
through a gravitational field....Faced with this evidence, Einstein
stated:"In the second place our result shows that, according to the
general theory of relativity, the law of the constancy of the velocity
of light in vacuo, which constitutes one of the two fundamental
assumptions in the special theory of relativity and to which we have
already frequently referred, cannot claim any unlimited validity. A
curvature of rays of light can only take place when the velocity of
propagation of light varies with position."......Today we find that
since the Special Theory of Relativity unfortunately became part of
the so called mainstream science, it is considered a sacrilege to even
suggest that the speed of light be anything other than a constant.
This is somewhat surprising since even Einstein himself suggested in a
paper "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light,"
Annalen der Physik, 35, 1911, that the speed of light might vary with
the gravitational potential. Indeed, the variation of the speed of
light in a vacuum or space is explicitly shown in Einstein's
calculation for the angle at which light should bend upon the
influence of gravity. One can find his calculation in his paper. The
result is c'=c(1+V/c^2) where V is the gravitational potential
relative to the point where the measurement is taken. 1+V/c^2 is also
known as the GRAVITATIONAL REDSHIFT FACTOR."

Pentcho Valev
pvalev@yahoo.com

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Pentcho Valev - 07 Jul 2008 02:34 GMT

The silliest and accordingly most powerful Einsteinians can declare,
in the same text, that the speed of light is both variable and
constant but ordinary Einsteinians are not allowed to say so:

http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/speed_of_light.html
Steve Carlip: "Einstein went on to discover a more general theory of
relativity which explained gravity in terms of curved spacetime, and
he talked about the speed of light changing in this new theory. In the
1920 book "Relativity: the special and general theory" he wrote:
". . . according to the general theory of relativity, the law of the
constancy of the velocity of light in vacuo, which constitutes one of
the two fundamental assumptions in the special theory of relativity
[. . .] cannot claim any unlimited validity. A curvature of rays of
light can only take place when the velocity of propagation of light
varies with position." Since Einstein talks of velocity (a vector
quantity: speed with direction) rather than speed alone, it is not
clear that he meant the speed will change, but the reference to
special relativity suggests that he did mean so. This interpretation
is perfectly valid and makes good physical sense, but a more modern
interpretation is that the speed of light is constant in general
relativity."

Pentcho Valev
pvalev@yahoo.com

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Pentcho Valev - 09 Jul 2008 11:18 GMT

John Stachel is the only Einsteinian who can declare that Einstein's
relativity based on Einstein's 1905 light postulate (c'=c) and
Newton's emission theory of light involving the antithesis of the
light postulate (c'=c+v) are COMPATIBLE. Ordinary Einsteinians are not
even allowed to think about that:

http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i6272.html
John Stachel: "As a theory of principle (see above), the theory of
relativity provides important guidelines in the search for such a
satisfactory theory. Einstein anticipated the ultimate construction of
"a complete worldview that is in accord with the principle of
relativity."[25] In the meantime, the theory offered clues to the
construction of such a worldview. One clue concerns the structure of
electromagnetic radiation. Not only is the theory compatible with an
emission theory of radiation, since it implies that the velocity of
light is always the same relative to its source; the theory also
requires that radiation transfer mass between an emitter and an
absorber, reinforcing Einstein's light quantum hypothesis that
radiation manifests a particulate structure under certain
circumstances. He maintained that "the next phase in the development
of theoretical physics will bring us a theory of light, which may be
regarded as a sort of fusion of the undulatory and emission theories
of light."

http://cosmo.fis.fc.ul.pt/~crawford/artigos/essay-einstein-relativity.pdf
John Stachel: "The idea that a light beam consisted of a stream of
particles had been espoused by Newton and maintained its popularity
into the middle of the 19th century. It was called the "emission
theory" of light, a phrase I shall use...... The usual velocity
addition law is then replaced by a new one, in which the velocity of
light "added" to any other velocity ("added" in a new sense–it would
be better to say "compounded with") does not increase, but stays the
same! The Maxwell-Lorentz equations, when examined with the aid of
this new kinematics, prove to take the same form in every inertial
frame. They are, therefore, quite compatible with the relativity
principle, which demands that the laws of electricity, magnetism and
optics have this property. The presence or absence of an electric or
magnetic field, is then also found to be relative to an inertial
frame, allowing a completely satisfactory relativistic analysis of the
example of the conducting wire loop and magnet in relative motion.
Within six weeks of taking "the step," Einstein later recalled, he had
worked out all of these consequences and submitted the 1905 SRT paper
to Annalen der Physik. This does not imply that Lorentz’s equations
are adequate to explain all the features of light, of course. Einstein
already knew they did not always correctly do so–in particular in the
processes of its emission, absorption and its behavior in black body
radiation. Indeed, his new velocity addition law is also compatible
with an emission theory of light, just because the speed of light
compounded with any lesser velocity still yields the same value. If we
model a beam of light as a stream of particles, the two principles can
still be obeyed. A few years later (1909), Einstein first publicly
expressed the view that an adequate future theory of light would have
to be some sort of fusion of the wave and emission theories. This is
an example of how the special theory of relativity functioned as a
theory of principle, limiting but not fixing the choice of a
constructive theory of light."

Pentcho Valev
pvalev@yahoo.com

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Pentcho Valev - 16 Jul 2008 13:59 GMT

Irreversible destruction of human rationality in Einstein zombie
world:

http://www.theithacajournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080716/LIFESTYLE08/
807160312
"Ask A Scientist: Theory of relativity says light's energy is related
to its mass. Question: Does energy have mass? Does light have mass?
Answer:....I can now make the connection with your questions. One of
my college friends speculated that gravitational attraction might be
able to oppose the spreading of a laser beam. In our physics class we
had learned that light has energy, and energy, according to Einstein's
E = mc2, is closely related to mass. Another thing we learned is that
masses are attracted by the gravitational force, causing even a cloud
of tiny dust particles in space to shrink and become more
concentrated. But could the same thing happen to a laser beam? This
speculation, of a light beam collapsing by gravitational attraction,
seemed far-fetched and we didn't believe it until one of us had the
guts to ask Feynman. Feynman, if you haven't heard of him, was the
Yoda of physics. We were all in awe of his powers at explaining
things, and I still remember his answer. He told us that indeed the
energy/mass of the light would be attracted to itself but that the
effect would be very small unless the power of the laser was
enormous."

Zombies had learned that "masses are attracted by the gravitational
force" and also that "light has energy, and energy, according to
Einstein's E = mc2, is closely related to mass" but somehow felt that
the conclusion "light is attracted by the gravitational force" is
forbidden to them and could only be produced by the Yoda of physics.
The Yoda of physics said something irrelevant: "the energy/mass of the
light would be attracted to itself", but it is not at all clear
whether the irrelevancy comes from the Yoda of physics or is due to
the interpetation of the silly/dishonest professor Veit Elser. The
fact that photons behave in a gravitational field just as bullets do
(their speed varies with the vravitational potential V in accordance
with Einstein's 1911 equation c'=c(1+V/c^2)) remains completely
camouflaged in Veit Elser's answer.

Pentcho Valev
pvalev@yahoo.com

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Space Forum / Astronomy / July 2008

BIG EFFECTS AND ESOTERIC DETAILS IN EINSTEIN RELATIVITY